In a world characterized by mobility and dynamic formations of cultural, linguistic, and social identities, the general understanding of languages – at least in Europe – still reflects hierarchies and classifications that are based on the 19th century-based nation-state ideology. This book deals with relevant aspects of language against the contemporary ideal of open, pluralistic societies, as well as with consequences on language of increasingly complex and diverse power relations, migration, globalization, and modern phenomena such as ICT.