The growing awareness of the current climate crisis has led to an increased interest in the investigation of historical human-environment interactions. In this context, the micro-region has proven to be a significant category for ecological, socio-economic and cultural analyses. The present volume offers a collection of papers held in 2022 at an interdisciplinary workshop in Istanbul. They reflect on micro-regions from the ancient Mediterranean as spaces of socio-ecological interaction on a theoretical, methodological and empirical level and reveal perspectives for future research.