This study addresses the settlement at Aphrodisias, known to its medieval inhabitants as Karia, from the eighth through thirteenth centuries. Important bodies of archaeological data, including numismatics, funerary archaeology and liturgical sculpture are presented for the first time. The volume offers a holistic view onto a post-urban settlement functioning as a provincial outpost of the Byzantine Church, and demonstrates how the archaeology of ancient cities is mediated by medieval occupation, construction and curation.