The principle of justice, the effective prevention of crime, and the rule of law demand that it cannot be accepted that a person who has gained wealth through crime is allowed to enjoy the fruits of his criminal activities. During the last four decades, significant efforts have been made, both on the international and national levels, to develop fair and efficient rules enabling the authorities to forfeit assets derived from crime. However, the vast majority of legal systems throughout Europe have not succeeded in upholding this important aspect of the rule of law. The purpose of this book is to get the reader acquainted with different Non-Conviction-Based Confiscation legislation models (NCBC), to analyze the diverse structural issues and human rights issues that NCBC legislation raises in a European context, and to discuss and carve out some guidelines for legislating NCBC.