In this close analysis of Immanuel Kant's aesthetics in his , Julie N. Books explains why Kant fails to provide a convincing basis for his desired necessity and universality of our aesthetic judgments about beauty. Dr. Books provides a unique discussion of Kant's supersensible, illuminating how it cannot justify his nature of our aesthetic judgments about beauty.

In , Julie N. Books critically evaluates three philosophical doctrines of film realism (transparency, illusionism, and perceptual realism) and defends her view that films are creative works of art.