Serious economic crimes committed in a period of political and economic transition, have often been neglected in criminal proceedings. The Balkan region is no exception. The study connects international criminal law with discourses of international human rights law, security studies, (supranational) criminology, political sciences, transitional justice and (economic) criminal law in order to find arguments as to why it is necessary to start prosecuting serious economic offences as crimes under international law and why they should find their place in the ICC Statute.