Based on the presuppositions and statements of Rudolf Steiner about the human soul, about remembering and forgetting, about dreams, fantasy and artistic activity, about the psychoanalysis of his day and on the issue of mental illness and health in general, the author develops the methodological groundwork of an anthropologically oriented psychotherapy and music therapy. In particular, the effectiveness of the “imaginative taking of perspectives” and the systematic use of artistic means of expression concerning it are analysed with regard to an anthroposophically widened view of psychotherapy and illustrated with examples especially from child psychiatry. The basic elements of an anthroposophically oriented psychotherapy are compared to those of current approaches of art and music therapy and similarities as well as possibilities for cooperation are presented.