The transformation from a fossil-based economy to a fully bio-based one is the main objective of bioeconomy, especially in view of an increasingly rapid climate change. At the same time, ressource depletion demand for new bio-based materials which are sustainable but also technically and economically feasible. This becomes even more urgent in the field of energy storage and conversion technologies since here up-to-date mainly fossil carbon materials are applied as electrode materials. In connnection with electro mobility, powerful energy storage systems are more important than ever and simultaneously new sources of energy production have to be developed. Electrochemical Double-Layer Capacitors (EDLC) and Direct Carbon Fuel Cells (DCFC) are promising technologies in this context. However, the performance of these devices mainly depend on the applied carbonaceous electrode materials. Conversion technologies such as pyrolysis or hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) are an eco-friendly way to convert biomass into advanced carbon materials for the named applications. This dissertation was dedicated to the question if different organic precursors can be converted into conductive carbon materials with good electrochemical performances. Two different vineyard residues (pruning and grape pomace) as well as corncobs were selected as precursor materials, treated via different carbonization, activation and doping processes and analysed regarding their phyisco-chemical and electrochemical properties. It was shown that the applied conversion processes allow the flexible production of bio-based electrode materials from different waste biomasses with carbon properties tuned to the required application.weiterlesen