In this book, the protection of personal data is compared for eight EU member states, namely France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Romania, Italy, Sweden and the Netherlands. The comparison of the countries is focused on government policies for the protection of personal data, the applicable laws and regulations, implementation of those laws and regulations, and supervision and enforcement. Although the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) harmonizes the protection of personal data across the EU as of May 2018, its open norms in combination with cultural differences between countries result in differences in the practical implementation, interpretation and enforcement of personal data protection. With its focus on data protection law in practice, this book provides in-depth insights into how different countries deal with data protection issues. The knowledge and best practices from these countries provide highly relevant material for legal professionals, data protection officers, policymakers, data protection authorities and academics across Europe. is Associate Professor and Director of Research at the Center for Law and Digital Technologies of the Leiden Law School at Leiden University, the Netherlands. , , and are all affiliated to that same organization, of which Professor is the General Director.weiterlesen