Chapter 1 gives a brief overview and presents the research fields. The second chapter contains the classification of ice-covered lakes and lake ice climatology and presents observation techniques, especially remote sensing. In Chapter 3, the structure and properties of lake ice are presented including optics and geochemistry. Ice growth and melting are treated in Chapter 4, while the following chapter focuses on ice mechanics with applications to traffic on ice and ice loads on shoreline and structures. Chapter 6 goes into the more exotic environment of pro-glacial lakes, including supraglacial, epiglacial, and subglacial lakes in both polar regions. Chapter 7 contains the stratification and circulation of the water body beneath lake ice, and Chapter 8 presents the winter ecology of freezing lakes and discusses the lake ice interface toward the society, and Chapter 9 summarizes the status of forecasting the climate change impact on lake ice seasons. The book ends into a brief closing chapter and list of references. Examples of research problems for student learning are listed throughout the book. Annexes are included to provide numerical data of constants and standard formulae to help practical calculations and student tasks.   weiterlesen