The Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA) has been cited in numerous literature reviews from 1991 (Holder et al.) to 2006 (Miller et al.) as one of the most efficacious treatments for substance abuse. CRA has been evaluated in dozens of clinical trials starting in 1973. CRA continues to be examined around the world and current studies continue to evaluate the effectiveness of CRA. For over 35 years CRA has proven to help alleviate the suffering of alcohol dependence, opiate dependence, cocaine dependence and marijuana dependence. CRA is one of the few treatments that has shown to be an effective tool serving these diverse individuals. The Community Reinforcement Approach has been used with inpatient programs, day treatment programs, outpatient programs, aftercare programs, homeless programs and programs that assist runaway teenage clients. In all cases CRA has proven to be an effective treatment to reduce use of alcohol and other drugs, and to increase the use of positive aspects of society, like schools, jobs, positive family involvement, and use of positive social and recreational activities. Currently CRA is being used in the United States, Australia, Canada, Finland, Germany, New Zealand, Poland, Sweden, the United Ki- dom, and the Netherlands. CRA treatment in the Netherland has been spearheaded by Dr. Hendrik Roozen who has conducted numerous clinical trials, and has published a systematic review of the effecti- ness of CRA in alcohol, cocaine and opioid addiction (Roozen et al., 2004).weiterlesen