This thesis consists of six chapters. In chapter 1, the research gaps, motivation and objectives of this thesis are presented. Chapter 2 presents a literature review. First, the lean construction concept and the relationship between lean construction and sustainable construction are analysed. Some lean methods/techniques are introduced and the integration of the value stream mapping method and the life cycle assessment method in manufacturing is mentioned. Second, the background of process modelling and some process modelling techniques are discussed. Third, the state of the art of process simulation and the application of simulation to lean construction are reviewed. Finally, building information modelling and its benefits for simulation and life cycle assessment are discussed. Chapter 3 presents the integration of VSM and pLCA based on process patterns. In this chapter four main steps to integrate VSM and pLCA are introduced. Process patterns and activity packages are structured to support VSM in considering environmental impact assessment of the construction phase. In chapter 4, the development of a novel hybrid simulation method between multiagent system and system dynamics to support VSM is presented. This chapter critically 7 examines the integration of various simulation methods with VSM and subsequently proposes four fundamental steps for integrating MAS and SD to enhance VSM. Additionally, the chapter establishes a comprehensive link between the BIM model, LCA dataset, and the simulation tool. Chapter 5 introduces a series of three case studies aimed at assessing the suitability and effectiveness of the proposed methodology. These case studies delve into the examination of three representative construction processes, namely the cast-in-place concrete process, masonry process, and earthwork process. The hybrid simulation method is applied to analyse these processes, considering different scenarios that encompass both the adoption and non-adoption of lean methods/strategies. The objective is to discern the impact of lean construction practices on the environmental performance of these construction processes. Environmental indicators, specifically greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and fuel consumption, are selected as the focal parameters for analysis within these illustrative examples.weiterlesen