Methoden zur Auslegung einer für das Schnellladen optimierten Lithium-Ionen-Batteriezelle
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The fast-charge capability of the battery is an important, customer-relevant as-pect for the purchase decision of a battery electric vehicle (BEV). Even if the charging time of a BEV has been significantly reduced in recent years, it is still essential for the social acceptance of electromobility. For this reason, the im-provement of the fast-charge capability of a lithium-ion battery cell, as the heart of the BEV battery, is one major focus of scientific interest. Lithium-plating has already been identified as a harmful side reaction and the main cause of the limitation of fast-charging at cell level. However, if the cell cannot be opened, today lithium plating can only be determined in a complex or relatively inaccurate way. The big challenge lies in the precise determination of the onset of lithium-plating during charging in order to quantify the fast-charge capability of the cell and to enable investigations to optimize it.
The present work is intended to provide a contribution to the methodical proce-dure for optimized design of a lithium-ion battery cell with regard to improving the fast-charge capability. Only through an in-depth understanding of the pro-cess-structure-property relationship between process parameters of electrode production, electrode structure and resulting cell properties, it is possible to iden-tify levers that improve the capability to fast-charge. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is the development of a methodology which, on the one hand, enables a simple determination of the fast-charge capability of a lithium-ion battery cell and, on the other hand, establishes a connection between electrode properties and the resulting cell properties.
Within the scope of this work, a method is presented which, with the help of the voltage signal of the lithium-ion battery cell, determines the onset of lithium plat-ing during charging. This enables an easy to implement and precise quantifica-tion of the fast-charge capability of a lithium-ion battery cell. In combination with other methods for characterizing the electrode structure, a methodology is being developed that can be used to investigate individual process parameters or steps in battery cell production with respect to an influence on the fast-charge capability of a lithium-ion battery cell. In the following, the methodology is applied at different steps of the battery cell production in order to identify exemplary levers for improving the fast-charge capability of a lithium-ion battery cell. The investigation of the material composition of the anode illustrates the influence of the binder and conductive additive on the fast-charge capability. While an in-crease in the proportion of binder leads to a reduction in the ionic resistance of the anode and thus, reduces the fast-charge capability, the large surface area of the conductive additive can adsorb the binder and compensate its negative influence. The investigation of the dispersion of the anode slurry shows that graphite particles are comparatively fragile and gentle processing is necessary. Otherwise, particle fragments are created that block the porous structure of the anode, thereby, increasing the ionic resistance and reducing the fast-charge ca-pability of the lithium-ion battery cell. The investigation of the electrode compres-sion illustrates an optimization problem between the porosity and coating thick-ness of the anode depending on the volumetric capacity and fast-charge capa-bility of the lithium-ion battery cell. Therefore, the compression of the anode must be adjusted depending on the volumetric capacity, otherwise, a too low porosity or too high coating thickness can lead to an unnecessary increase in the ionic resistance and a reduction in the fast-charge capability of the lithium-ion battery cell.
The present work can be used to optimize the fast-charge capability of a lithium-ion battery cell. By investigating other process steps, further levers can be iden-tified, which can be used to improve the design of the lithium-ion battery cell with respect to the fast-charge capability. Moreover, the method to determine the fast-charge capability of a lithium-ion battery cell can also be used to investigate impacts of the cell design or external influences such as temperature and cell compression on the fast-charge capability.weiterlesen
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