Oxide nanostructures are increasingly becoming a key component for the production of innovative and high-performance functional materials. Various technical as well as pharmaceutical applications can be realized through the targeted combination with low- or macromolecular organic structures. In addition to the production of nanocomposites, in which the nanomaterials are embedded in a polymer to improve various material properties, the nanoscale structures can also be used as drug delivery systems to increase the effectiveness of therapeutic measures. However, the preparation of such multicomponent systems (MCS) requires a defined tuning of the interfacial interactions between the nanomaterials and the surrounding system or medium. Since the interaction are dominated by the surface chemistry of the nanostructures, approaches are required that allow a variable and controlled adjustment of the surface chemistry. In this dissertation, organosilane-based functionalization strategies were developed to tailor commercial and self-synthesized oxide nanostructures for the preparation of functional MCS. First, the influence of the particle surface on the preparation of nanocomposites was investigated. For this purpose, boehmite nanoparticles (BNP) and dielectric barium titanate nanoparticles (BTONP) were modified using the organofunctional silanes (3- aminopropyl)triethoxysilane and 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TMSPM). Therefore, different influencing factors were evaluated and process-structure-property correlations derived. Whilst the surface of the BNP was variably modified in a second step by coupling various carboxylic acids, a controlled adjustment of the surface chemistry of the BTONPs was carried out by altering the TMSPM grafting density. The effects of the modification on the processing as well as on the mechanical and dielectric properties of the nanocomposite were examined. Subsequently, the previously obtained knowledge on functionalization was applied to silica-based aerogels (SA) and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) as two different drug delivery systems for pharmaceutical applications. Here, the influence of silanization on the physicochemical properties of both systems was investigated. Furthermore, the enhancement of therapeutic efficacy after physisorbed or chemisorbed loading of small- or macromolecular drugs was evaluated in vitro. To elaborate the essential physical and chemical correlations between the functionalization process and the properties of the particle surface as well as of the MCS, comprehensive characterization of the different material systems along the process chain was performed and consequently discussed. Finally, strategies for the preparation of homogeneous and functional MCS with tailored properties were derived.weiterlesen