Eyes are a window to the body in health and disease. A number of intra and extra ocular signs indicate the presence of an underlying serious sight threatening or even a life-threatening disease. Eye signs may be the first manifestation of a systemic disease. Ophthalmology is a highly visual science wherein such signs can be easily learnt, objectively documented, and used in clinical practice to improve quality of care. Patients seeking ophthalmic care complain of a limited set of symptoms such as - diminution of vision, pain, redness and watering. The ophthalmologists depend on the presence of a constellation of intraocular or extraocular signs to reach a diagnosis and suggest the presence or absence of a serious underlying systemic disorder, be it diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, hematological disorders, systemic vasculitis, rheumatological disorders, brain tumors, sarcoidosis, or infectious diseases caused by M tuberculosis, HIV or herpes viruses.In the last few years digital imaging in Ophthalmology has taken the world by storm. Images can be used for objective documentation of signs, record progress of the disease, or response to treatment. Advent of artificial intelligence has seen increasing use of the retinal images to forecast a number of systemic diseases, health of cardiovascular system and even the Alzheimer disease. Constellation of signs are highly suggestive of the underlying systemic or local disease.  The images of the intraocular as well as the extraocular signs can be taken by non-physician staff and sent via tele-ophthalmology for remote consultation. While presence of microaneurysms in the posterior pole of the retina is sine qua non of diabetic retinopathy, simultaneous presence of cotton wool spots may indicate an associated uncontrolled systemic hypertension or a renal disease. Retinal hemorrhages in the superficial nerve fibre layer or deeper in the retina may accompany a diabetic retinopathy if associated with microaneurysms but their isolated presence along the lower temporal border of the optic disc may indicate a progression of glaucoma. The highly illustrated and referenced book is a single resource wherein significance of individual ophthalmic signs and their context are discussed to sensitize the physicians both the graduates and post graduates in training, residents and fellows and practicing physicians weiterlesen