The direct numerical simulation of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows has proven difficult in the field of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) research, because it not only concerns the coupling of the equations governing the electromagnetic field and the fluid motion, but also calls for suitable numerical methods for computing the electromagnetic field. In tokamak fusion facilities, where the MHD effect is significant and the flow domain is complex, the process of grid generation requires considerable time and effort. Moreover, in the metallurgical industry, where multiphase MHD flows are usually encountered, the coupling between the surface tension force and Lorentz force adds to the difficulty of deriving direct numerical simulations. weiterlesen