This volume examines the use of French in European language communities outside France from the Middle Ages to the twentieth century. Each chapter offers unique insight into the existence of francophonie in a given language community and the volume as a whole explores broad sociolinguistic and sociohistorical questions about the function of French.

This book analyses a set of rarely described regional Spanish varieties spoken throughout the northern Peruvian Andes, shedding new light on how the regional varieties of Spanish in America were shaped over time and proposing ways of delving into language history in postcolonial contexts, where native codes were overwritten by European languages.