Notions of the "Nordic" have always been an issue in Norway's national identity building, both before and after it bacame a sovereign state in 1905. Accordingly, Norwegian music has expressed a sense af ambivalence towards being conceived as "Nordic" from the outside: A strong sense of "Norwegianness" was challenged by the advent of new, nationalistic currents in the 1930s, which used notions of the Nordic as a political weapon. This book shows how music expresses affirmation and ambivalence towards the "Nordci" across musical genres. Further, it explores the contingencies of national music and the dramatic changes in 20th-century European political history.