Zum Buch: The Challenge and Opportunity Thailand is an emerging country, highly motorised and is among the countries having a high death rate due to road traffic injuries. Each crash entails economic cost, not to mention the social cost of pain, grief, and suffering of families of the victims. It also has an adverse impact on the resources of the government. To access road safety level and to improve safety strategies, the road crash data management system (reporting, recording and analysis) is the primary key. The current evolution status of Thai road crash data system is almost at the beginning phase and has been suffering from the issues of availability, reliability and quality. Therefore, it is utmost necessary to accelerate the process of the evolution of crash data management system. About 3 to 5 decades ago, the high-income-countries also encountered similar challenges and, it took a long time and several phases of evolution to develop a robust, capable and reliable crash data management system. The transfer of experience, knowledge and technology from the high-income-countries to Thailand could not be only a good option to save time, evolution phases and valuable resources, but also it is important to save the valuable human lives by early planning and execution of reliable and effective road traffic safety strategies. For this study, an alternative, surrogate, subjective to human judgement and challenging approach was adopted due to the above mentioned issues of the road crash data management system in Thailand. Keywords: Accident (traffic), Accident outcome, Accident risk, Collision, Conflict observation, Conflict point, Conflict zone, Conflict severity, Crash, Evasive action/maneuver, Event severity continuum, Hourly Conflict Rate, Injury accidents, Light traffic conflict, Loon, Median, Near-accident, Non-serious conflict, Police reported accidents, Post-Encroachment Time (PET), Required braking rate (RBR), Safety, Safety hierarchy, Serious conflict, Severity hierarchy, Shoulder, TCT (Traffic Conflicts Technique), Time-to-Accident (TA), Time-to-Collision (TTC), Traffic conflict, Traffic safety, Upstream, Validity