This volume examines important complexes of late antique and Visigothic villas in rural areas throughout the Iberian peninsula with regard to the process of Christianization, apart from the urban centres that have been the main subject of research so far. Thus, a discriminating survey of the various ways in which a Christian cult was established in the milieu of late antique and early medieval country seats is given. It is only the presence of altars, baptismal fonts and liturgical equipment in the country houses of the potentiores that definitely indicate a utilization of these buildings for Christian worship. Additionally, the investigation of these church foundations on private property, called “proprietary churches” in earlier studies, includes an analysis of the canonical status of such ceremonial buildings in an environment of economically independent estates, the aims of the late antique founders being in clear opposition to the interests of the institutional church.

Sutra stories tell the reader something about the results of good and bad deeds in a detailed and illustrative manner. A pleasant current state of existence is explained as the fruit of positive karma created in this or a former life, while the experience of pain and suffering is traced back to bad actions in the past. The educational focus concentrates on the individual´s responsibility for its deeds, and the development of universal compassion. By having first-hand experience of the results of actions on ons´s own body, an evil person learns in a painful lesson about the closeness and unity of all forms of life. All stories are translated from Chinese sources.

Die Arbeit beleuchtet die modernen wasser- und agrarwirtschaftlichen Möglichkeiten und zeigt auf, dass diese weitestgehend zur Rekonstruktion der historischen Situation herangezogen werden können. Archäologische Untersuchungen im Stadtgebiet dokumentieren die technische Seite der Wasserversorgung. In den insgesamt elf Grabungskampagnen konnten, neben einer nahezu flächendeckend durchgeführten geomagnetischen Prospektion, große Teile der Bausubstanz freigelegt werden. Beide bilden die Basis zur Untersuchung und Rekonstruktion von Stadtstruktur und -entwicklung die später in einen historischen Rahmen gefügt wird. Die Rekonstruktion des Stadtbildes liefert neben Details zum Baubestand auch Informationen zum Übergang von einer unbefestigten Siedlung in eine befestigte Stadt. Daneben bildet der Handel, dokumentiert im Gebäudebestand durch Karawansereien, Khane und einen Bazar – aber auch in historischen Quellen – eine weitere wichtige Säule der Versorgungsgrundlage. Am Ende steht die Einordung der gewonnenen Ergebnisse in einen historischen Rahmen basierend auf datierten archäologischen Funden, die eine Gesamtbesiedlung zwischen 730 und 1000 n. Chr. aufzeigen.

This volume collects eight contributions of specialists in the field of early Greek art history on the topic of one of the core themes of Western visual culture. It deals with the emergence and development of ways to seeing and depicting that have shaped the art of later epochs. The themes/topics range from format restrictions and imagery overlaps, the playfulness regarding ornaments and three-dimensional space, cross-cultural connections that show in votives objects found in larger sanctuaries, but also the decoding of the ways of depicting garments – the latter at the same time being a contribution to discussion of the methodology of how to interpret Archaic Greek figurative art.

The present volume addresses the linguistic categories of Prospective and Proximative, which refer to an event before it actually takes place, in a number of languages spoken in Eurasia. For most treated languages, these categories are described here for the first time. Highlighting historical, areal and typological aspects, the contributions in this book investigate the encoding of proximative and prospective semantics in genetically related and non-related languages.

Joseph, Jesus and Job are all immediately recognizable religious figures in both Christianity and Islam who have been incorporated into a range of artistic and literary projects both inside and outside the Arab world. This study examines how three Lebanese women authors borrow and use these religious figures within their works of creative fiction. It proposes that the social, political and literary contributions of these works are interlinked and that their messages, especially those related to religion and gender, emerge through their innovations and artistry as creative works. Drawing on the dual critical frameworks of intertextuality and postcolonial feminist theory, the study sets these works and their themes in relationship to multiple contexts, posing the question: Are these Arabic, French and/or Francophone novels? Should they be understood as Arab, Lebanese, and/or ‘Third’ World texts? As women’s literature? The works treated are: Hudā Barakāt’s Ḥajar al-ḍaḥik, Najwā Barakāt’s Ḥayāt wa-ālām Ḥamad ibn Sīlāna, and Andrée Chedid’s La femme de Job.

Dieses Buch ist eine verständlich geschriebene Einführung in die Lautgeschichte des Attischen. Durch die Vielzahl an Übungen werden alle phonologischen Vorgänge vom Benutzer selbst erarbeitet. Klar gegliederte und thematisch abgeschlossene Kapitel ermöglichen ein einfaches Bearbeiten des Lernstoffes. Ideal zum Selbststudium, aber auch für Gruppen einsetzbar.  

The analysis of orthographic variation and the writing habit presented in this book represented a heuristic tool for the study of the sociolinguistic scenario of Roman Britain, sketching the different micro-histories of Latinization according to a new, ground-breaking, perspective. As a matter of fact, the assessment of the different orthographic variants may be revealing of the phenomena of language contact and interference; orthographic misspellings and idiosyncratic variants, which also varies according to the text type, writing materials, and writers, allows the sketch for different micro-histories of Latinization