Strength and Dynamic Characteristics of Structural Units in Manufacturing Engineering

The aim of the dissertation thesis was to carry out the operational tests of cutting tools with a surface treated cutting edge, in order to determine the amount of wear on the cut-ting edge of chipping knives. For the experiment, three chipping knives were used: Knife No. 1 - untreated, Knife No. 2 - chemically thermally treated by plasma nitriding, Knife No. 3 - coated with AlCrN CROSAL coating. The wear of the cutting knives, after the operational tests, was evaluated using several methods and procedures, namely, weighing the knives, to find the weight loss caused by the wear after the processing of the wood mass in the volume of Vh =1 m3, finding the wear mechanism of the knives, evaluating the state of wear of the cutting edge of the knives by macroscopic and microscopic light and electron microscopy analysis, and finally, evaluating the state of wear of the knives by 3D scanning of the cutting edges. Knife No. 3 - coated with AlCrN - CROSAL coat-ing had the lowest cutting edge wear and weight loss compared to the other two knives, this gives the assumption of a longer tool life as well as the quality and efficiency of the whole wood chipping process.

Abstract The aim of the scientific monograph was to measure and evaluate the time frames, to determine soil compaction using penetrometric measurement and to evaluate (on the basis of statistical indicators) the impact of fertilization on individual crops in a selected farm. According to the standard STN 47 0120 (Agricultural and forestry machines and tractors. Methods of measuring time and determination of operating indicators), we have measured the time frames and determined the calculation indicators of performance. From the obtained data, we have determined the performance of machines per unit time. After the application of fertilizers, we have evaluated the impact of the agricultural machine on the soil by penetrometric measurement, where we have recorded the highest penetrometric resistance in the years 2016 – 2019, up to 4.7 MPa. As regards the impact of fertilizers on crop yields, nitrogen fertilizers have been shown to have a statistically significant impact on winter wheat yields. In the other two monitored crops – spring barley, oilseed rape – the impact of fertilizers was not statistically proven, but in the case of spring barley we have proved that the height of the crop is influenced by weather conditions (mainly average daily temperature and annual precipitation). Keywords: soil, fertilization, crops, yield,

This book is a basic source of information for students of mechanical engineering, especially for students of the Faculty of Manufacturing Technologies with a seat in Presov of the Technical University of Kosice. It could also be useful for students of other disciplines if they are interested in the basics of linear algebra, ordinary differential quations, and the dierential and integral calculus of functions of several variables. The book is divided into four chapters. Chapter 1 is focused on the basics of linear algebra, a substantial part is devoted to matrices and systems of linear equations. Chapter 2 is devoted to the basic types of ordinary differential equations and their solutions. Chapter 3 is devoted to the differential calculus of functions of several variables, including applications. Chapter 4 is devoted to double and triple integrals and their geometric and physical applications. Each chapter of this book contains, in addition to the necessary theory, a number of solved examples as well as exercises. It may therefore be a sufficient source of information for courses that are similar in content to this book.

INTRODUCTION Today, characterised by massive competition and market in-stability, innovation and its proper management are the foundation of a company's success. They help it to maintain a competitive ad-vantage and cope with the ever-changing environment in which it operates. We can therefore argue convincingly that innovation is the driving force behind the development of every company today. It is precisely because of the importance of innovation that more and more economists began to focus on this topic at the beginning of the 19th century. The most important of these was Joseph Schumpeter, who laid the foundations for the science of innovation. His basic idea was simple. Entrepreneurs and businesses will pursue innovation if it gives them a strategic competitive advantage. It is this basic idea that has gained in importance over time and has become the hallmark of all businesses that are now in the limelight. The accelerating dynamics of the market environment, globalization, increasing customer demands and the development of information technology are forcing all business entities to seek new methods to increase their competitiveness. The global economic crisis, which has hit almost all sectors at the speed of light, has also affected the change in business principles and the way many enterprises are managed. While until recently most top managers focused their attention on improving the quality of production, transforming processes and maximising sales of their products, recently there have been fundamental changes in the evolutionary spiral of managerial thinking and behaviour. The original, practice-tested ideas of customer orientation from the period before the introduction of mass production are coming back from oblivion and in a new quality represent the next stage in the historical development of marketing management theory. Building a long-term relationship with customers was an obvious part of the seller's behaviour in the early stages of the com-pany's development. Later, during the Industrial Revolution era, individual customers unique in their needs blended into the anonymous crowd of the mass market. In the new economic reality, the marketing paradigm, characterized by the orientation of enter- prises towards customers, their satisfaction, loyalty and value, is in-creasingly finding application in concrete corporate and managerial practice. The marketing mix is one of the basic marketing tools for managing a company's marketing. It serves not only to develop business activi-ties, but also to raise awareness of the brand and products that are unfamiliar to the company. Innovation management is a relatively new direction of mana-gement. The concept is widely used because science, technology and innovation have become a key factor in economic strategies and competition in markets in developed countries. Innovation manage-ment is associated with the professional implementation of the management function primarily at the enterprise level. In particular, it should be stressed that innovation management has an organic link with the phenomena that once gave rise to the concept of strategic management. It studies a number of special laws and requirements for the management of modern corporations and business develop-ment. The period of the current economy can be considered as a stage in which the use of classical methods has become something common, ordinary and often times ineffective. Every single organisation is exposed to changes in the environment and pressure from competitors. With the accession of the Slovak Republic to the European Union, our economy is undergoing a further transfor-mation in a short space of time, and therefore the conditions for doing business have become even more complicated. It is therefore essential that adequate methods are adapted to such conditions. Methods that are briefly referred to as modern methods. An organisation that wants to maintain its position on the market, or even improve it, must implement these modern methods.

Introduction Greening and eco-friendly activities within the agricultural primary pro-duction are currently playing an important role not only in the Slovak Re-public. Within these activities and considering the environmental impact of agricultural technology, there is a possibility of applying ecological lub-ricants in transmission-hydraulic systems. Our scientific monograph pre-sents the results of long-term service life tests of selected ecological lubri-cants. Before applying ecological lubricants in working machines, these lubricants have to be subjected to laboratory tests since the manufacturers of agricultural technology only minimally recommend the application or use of these lubricants. In case of application of plant-based ecological lubricants, it is necessary to monitor their effect on operating parameters of transmission-hydraulic systems, their degradation process in laboratory or in-service tests and the way of their contamination by external or inter-nal (abrasion) adulterants and by chemical elements. It is also necessary to monitor their effect on the most important machine components. Determination of possibilities to apply plant-based ecological lubricants enables to determine their technical worthiness for use. The use of these lubricants is necessary in ecologically sensitive areas (drinking water sources, protected areas) or in organic farming on agricultural lands. The above mentioned prerequisites can be fulfilled by legislative intervention of the government (European Union), or by tax/subsidy measures.