Waterjet for Practice

Preface Diagnostics of human motor competence is currently still an open and dynamic system in which each piece of knowledge can contribute to the refinement and modernization of knowledge about motor development and competence of individuals in different population groups. The concentration of the current scientific discourse on the study of the abilities and skills of the school population results from their association with the health of the individual. However, a number of formulated research problems are still open and many questions remain unanswered. There are no clearly defined (a) determinants of motor competence and (b) inter-vention possibilities; (c) secular trends in the international reference framework are marginally documented; (d) representative research data on motor differences of children in various edu-cational, sociocultural or environmental contexts are missing; and (e) the transfer of scientific knowledge into educational policies, national curricula and educational practice appears to be problematic. The research intention of the presented scientific monograph responds in a way to the scientific research demand for the expertise of educational practice in the development of mo-tor abilities and skills of primary school children and for the establishment of modern educa-tional strategies with regard to the diversity of their psychosocial and motor development. The presented monograph was created with the support of the grant project VEGA of MESRS SR (Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic) and SAS (Slovak Academy of Sciences) (No. 1/0122/19) entitled Somatic and motor characteristics of children of younger school age and their development trends with a special focus on children from marginalized Romany communities. Regarding its research context, the project provides an excursion into the issue of trends in somatic and motor parameters of pri-mary school children within the past two decades. From the methodological viewpoint, the research is based on a comparison of the level of somatic development and motor abilities of today’s generation of younger school-age children with the research works of Turek (1999) and Horváth (2001), in which the European testing system EUROFIT was applied. This com-parative approach makes it possible to indicate generational trends in two parallel research lines. First, it provides an insight into the differences in somatic development and physical fitness of the standard school population, with research data from the late 1990s being the reference framework (Turek, 1999). The second line is represented by the research findings of Horváth (2001), which enable the identification of secular trends in somatic and motor charac-teristics of children from a s socially disadvantaged environment coming from marginalized Roma communities. The re-search aim of this monograph also partially touches on the examination of the mentioned pa-rameters of younger school-age children from the perspective of their various socio-educational contexts (children with special educational needs or from a socially disadvantaged environment). This methodological paradigm can thus indirectly indicate the projection of socio-cultural, socio-economic and educational specifics into the level of motor development of younger school-age children. As part of the empirical intention, an analysis of the level of children’s physical fitness in terms of their weight status manifested by the body mass index (BMI) is also carried out. This partial aim allows verifying the effect of overweight on the level of participants’ motor abilities. We believe that the research grasp of the theoretical basis in this monograph will con-tribute to updating the global scientific framework for the study of motor competence in the school population, but also to raise several questions for professional and scientific discussion. At this point, we would like to express our gratitude to the reviewers whose professional suggestions and comments contributed to the improvement of this publication. Many thanks to all cooperating teachers at the participating primary schools for their helpfulness, willing-ness and collaboration in data collection. And last but not least, we thank the main partici-pants of the research plan – children – for their active participation, joy and enthusiasm during testing.

INTRODUCTION In the current global environment, it is increasingly difficult to ensure long-term success company. The globalization of the world economy is causing significant changes in the conditions. Business not only in Slovakia but also abroad. Globalization is still a significant trade liberalization, integration of subjects into larger units with significant international environment, internal culture or agreement establishing strong economic areas. Today time enterprise can not trust their momentary performance, but must seek and find cause permanent increase. Performance measurement - the process of supporting the development of the company,using an evaluation of the performance indicators systematically trying recast to change in order to maintain long-term competitiveness. The attractiveness of the compani come from factors, mainly from the growth potential of the sector, industry prospects, stability and variability of com-petitive forces, uncertainty or risk of future development of the sector. The given data are strong explanatory power of earnings and profitability, which when considering entering into a business has an important role. When assessing the attractiveness of the environment are routines and methods, however, the emphasis on the use of modern approaches to the management of the company across all management structures as a condition for a well-functioning companies and asset that gives the assumptions for the future of continuous ongoing development and improvement of all management and executive activities of the company. An important factor in enhancing business competitiveness is to ensure the improvement of current production, increasing utility value, functionality and simplifying manageability while reducing production costs, functionality and simplification of controllability in the process of the current decreasing of production costs. Therefore, in the process of transition to production with higher added value and higher share of sophisticated work, weight of investment in research and development as another of the main actors grow as another of the main factors. Competitiveness belongs in a constantly changing market environment between the pillar requirements at the present time and therefore is regarded as one of the fundamental characteristics of the company. An essential feature of the market economy is the freedom of customer to decide not only about what product to buy, but mainly from whom. This reality leads to a potential supplier´s competition for a customer. It can be said that the supplier chosen by the customer has higher competitive ability than other com-petitor participants. Every business should strive to create such competitive advantages that enhance the competitiveness of offered products. [2] Marinom says that the basis for the definition of competitiveness is a high quality item, real interest rate understood as the price of money, and marginal costs. The basis, however remain that insufficiently quality goods reduces overall quality of company and thus the competitiveness of company. If companies want to take hold in the market in a dynamic economy, their behavior must be disciplined in providing quality, whether for products or services. First at a competitive competition is that who can properly communicate and present his/her products. [6] It was found that this activity will be facilitated the enterprises by high-quality project management and involvement in dual education, which is described in the given publication. In today's dynamic business world companies has a very difficult position. Market calls for maximum performance, optimal adaptation, as well as prospective prospects. Companies’ perfor-mance is becoming a very hot topic today. If companies want to achieve top position and maintain a competitive advantage, they need to set such control system that can ensure controlled use of their resources towards achieving the vision.

The monograph aims at monitoring of hydrodynamics and mass transfer in two-phase gas-droplet vortex flows in spraying countercurrent mass transfer apparatuses. Up-to-date methods of mass transfer in vortex gas-droplet flows and approaches for rational designing vortex apparatuses are presented. The de-velopment of innovative designs of mass transfer equipment is presented. Based on experimental studies and practical ex-perience, methods for evaluating the hydraulic and mass transfer characteristics have been proposed. Particular attention is paid to intensifying hydrodynamic and mass transfer pro-cesses in equipment for chemical technology. The scientific results have been achieved within the research project Creation of new granular materials for nuclear fuel and catalysts in the active hydrodynamic environment” (State reg. no. 0120U102036).

Preface Digital modeling and simulation of processes and systems are now increasingly important in all fields of economic activity. This fact results from the needs of industrial practice, for which the issue of verification and validation of production process and system designs is necessary primarily from the aspect of cost savings. This monograph focuses on the research of state-of-the-art software products and systems into real business practice, using the examples of the Tecnomatix Process Simulate software module from Siemens. Product lifecycle management can be defined as a set of product-oriented software tools. It covers product design, product construction, production design, production technology design, warehouse management and, last but not least, the disposal of production-related waste. The information generated in these processes is used by the designer, technologist, industrial engineer, product manager, manufacturer, customer, waste disposer and many others. The basic gist is that they are all working with the same information at any given point in time. Modeling and simulation of production are not dealt with in a one-off manner. Because they are made up of multiple components, they are built incrementally, and it is the integration of these components that ultimately creates an enterprise-wide solution. Modeling and simulation using these systems should be primarily intended for industrial production.

ABSTRACT The monograph presents the results of the scientific research activities of UNIVNET – University and Industrial Research and Education Platform of the Recycling Society. The monograph summarizes the results of activities in assessing the condition, forecasting the generation of waste and developing new technologies for the material and energy recovery of selected types of waste from the automotive industry. The content of the monograph is fully in line with the European Union's waste management policy, which is aimed at reducing the negative impacts of waste on the environment and human health, while at the same time effectively increasing the recovery of waste in the form of secondary raw materials and energy. The transition to a circular economy requires changing entire value chains, from product design to new business and market models, including new ways of turning waste into resources to changing consumer behaviour. It presupposes a complete systemic change and innovation not only in technology, but also in organisation, society, funding methods and policy formulation. The Slovak Republic is currently facing many environmental challenges. We have problems with air quality, low waste recycling rates, but also with the protection of ecosystems. The basic vision, defined in the Strategy of Environmental Policy of the Slovak Republic up to 2030, is to achieve a better quality of the environment and a sustainable circular economy. The monograph is divided into eight logically consecutive chapters. The individual chapters are devoted to the analysis of waste quantities, treatment capacities, forecasts of waste change in connection with the advent of electromobility, preparation of waste for reuse, design of technology for the recovery of glued laminated glass, recycling of metal-bearing waste from accumulators, development of sound and thermal insulation materials from waste, recycling of rubber, rubber and plastics, and finally options for energy recovery of waste. Several of the solutions presented are original solutions of the authors of the monograph and are subject to their copyright in the form of patents. The monograph provides the necessary information on the state and problems of waste management in the automotive industry and is an inspiration for those who are engaged in minimizing and recovering waste from their production, operation and processing of old vehicles.

INTRODUCTION The research objective of the presented scientific monograph responds in certain ways to scientific and research demand for anthropometric measurement of selected anthropometric parameters of different age groups. The presented monograph also contains a set of offprints of original scientific papers and it deals with issues of anthropogenetic and auxologic study of children at younger school age. Growth and development are typical features of the human body indicating changes in body proportions and vital functions and improvement of body organ systems. The processes of growth and development are individual and run at different pace. They are greatly affected by multiple factors and depend specifically on genetic predis-positions, external, social and economic environment, nutrition and physical activity. These factors have an impact not only on mental but also on physical development of the child. Thus, regular studies focusing on growth monitoring in children and youth are important for assessment of overall health condition of the child. Many authors provide different body di-mension values depending on age and they differentiate between preschool age (3-6 years of age) and younger school age (6-10 years of age). During these periods, body dimensions change significantly and even the sexual dimorphism can be demonstrated, i.e., boys are taller and their weight is higher. Significant deviations from the average are thus an appropriate in-dicator of the overall health and nutrition of the population. Social and economic differences between citizens in Slovakia have been confirmed as the partial consequence of migration and arrival of other ethnic groups to our territory. The Slovak Republic is a multi-ethnic country with a high number of ethnic and national minorities (up to 20% of the total population is made up by minorities). Roma people represent the larg-est minority with 8-9% of the population, and they often live in poverty and insanitary condi-tions. Currently, the question of Roma people origin has not been answered satisfactorily. Alt-hough linguistic studies showed that Roma people came from India, historical linguistics is unable to specify the exact ethnic origin of the first migrants speaking Roma language. The part of India where Roma people came from, castes they belonged to, their social status in India, and why they left India, are not known exactly. The presented monograph was compiled with the support of the VEGA grant project of the MŠVVaŠ SR and SAV (No. 1/0122/19) entitled: Somatic and Motor Skill Characteristics of and Development Trends in Younger School Age Children with a Special Focus on Chil-dren from Marginalized Roma Communities. The research objective of this monograph focus-es on the research of selected anthropometric parameters in children. We believe that the method of addressing theoretical and practical starting points within this monograph may add missing anthropometric data and raise multiple issues for academic and scientific discussion. Here, we would like to thank reviewers whose expert suggestions and comments helped to improve the quality of this publication. Many thanks go to all cooperating educators of par-ticipating primary schools for their helpfulness, willingness and cooperation in carrying out field measurements. And last but not the least, my thanks go to the key players of the research objective – children – for their active participation in and enjoying measurements.